New Women R K Narayans The Guide English Literature Essay

New Women R K Narayans The Guide English Literature Essay The perspective of Indian English novelists represents the different levels of the Indian consciousness which is shaped by the tradition of Indian humanism.'(George Lucas, 1) The theme of the emancipation of a new woman for the first time became a wide spread and genuine concern and improvement for womens pathetic image became a social issue in the early twentieth century. It became the creative consciousness for all the Indian English writers including R.K Narayan. Narayan through the character, Rosie, in The Guide depicts the emergence of a new woman. In Rosie, Narayan has shown a woman experiencing a conflict between a strong yearning for individual fulfillment and traditional norms. Narayan illustrates the Indian society which is deeply rooted in traditionalism, where women have been the major relentless victims of circumstances and conventions. Rosie also becomes a victim of circumstances and conventions but through her rebellious attitude, she makes her own way with a sense of pride and dignity, which shows a newly liberated woman in the post independence Indian society. This term paper shows how a woman asserts herself by breaking the old shackles of tradition and convention and finally brings an era of a new woman. The novel The Guide portrays two Indias; the traditional India, and the modern sophisticated India. In the traditional India, women have no opportunity for asserting or expressing their talent and personality. Our traditional society is rigid one in which there is no respect for freedom or expression of ones potential. Women are extremely suppressed by the males. Men are seen as superior to women and hold good position while women realize this painful reality only when they dare to express themselves and try to secure their fulfillments. Consequently, this whole scenario suppresses ones self either consciously or unconsciously. R.K Narayan says in My Days: A Memoirs: From times immemorial, man assigned her a secondary place and kept her there with such subtlety and cunning that she herself began to loose all notions of her independence, her individuality, her status and strength. A wife in an orthodox milieu of Indian society was an ideal victim of such circumstances Whereas if we look at the modern India, Jennet P. Gemmill says, it is: a broad based an dynamic concept involving an awareness of time, the will to revitalize traditions, a craving for novelty and variety, exploitation of the social conditions for the fulfillment of human personality and a struggle for progress In such a society the woman is more enlightened about herself and the milieu in which she has to fulfill the purpose of her living. Rosie, in The Guide, is a character, who is deeply rooted in tradition, occupies the most unique position among the Narayans women. She comes from a family traditionally dedicated to the temples as dancers (The Guide, 75). She belongs to the Devdasiclan in which women were dedicated to deity and not permitted to perform mundane domestic chores for the men. They did not have any right to choose their rightful husband. Through her name, Rosie, Narayans ironic intention becomes clear in which her name like a rose shows that her life remains surrounded by the thorns. She shows her first assertiveness by breaking the fetters of darkness of the Devdasi clan and leaps towards the light of learning by obtaining Masters in Economics, which respond a matrimonial advertisement in the newspaper; An educated, good looking girl to marry a rich bachelor of academic interests. No caste restrictions good looks and university degree essential (Bhatnagar, 75). Her degree shows a window of the world of glitter and glamour and by using it she takes one more offbeat step in her ascent. She marries Marco, a rich bachelor of academic interests. The marriage shows how she has scored over her Devdasi sisters. Shalini Gupta says in her essay (page 200); The caged bird shakes her wings, breaks the bars with jubilant hopes and flies in one sweep to Marcos Nest (page 4). So, the marriage symbolizes Rosies adventurous spirit and her aspirations for the freedom of the outer world appear to assume the fulfillment of her artistic learning and yearning. After her marriage, the most defiant act comes when she commits adultery, which constitutes a crucial stage in her life. It is very necessary to understand the nature of her marital relationship with Marco which enforces her to make extra marital relationship with Raju, their guide. Rosie chose to marry Marco to get status and respect of wife whereas Marco being a typical Indian male wanted a subservient faithful wife like his servant Joseph who, in his opinion was a wonderful man; I dont see him, I dont hear him but he does everything for me at the right time. Thats how I want things to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ thats what I thought when I saw Rosie demonstrates to me in her hotel room (The Guide, 127). Marco marries Rosie with the hope that she would go well with his practical life but his choice becomes wrong, for the girl he chooses in marriage comes out to be a dreamer who wants to be Benefited by a husband who could care for her career (Shalini Gupta,page 200). Narayan gives us the instances of their clash of expectation, hopes, interests and desire which lead to the eventual collapse of the marriage between Rosie and Marco they have nothing in common between them like love and warmth they may share together. Narayan shows their opposite appearances noted by Balrama Gupta; Rosie with her bright hued and gold laced sari, diamond earrings and gold necklace and with her curly hair braided and deflowered is a contrast to Marco with his colored glasses, thick jacket and a thick helmet. Further, there is no similarity between their natures, attitudes and interests. So, if Rosie is vivacious, spiritly and passionate than Marco is cold grim and unemotional. ` Raju describes them as against the beautifully natural surroundings of the Peak House. He says: The girl was in ecstasyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦she ran like a child from Plant to Plant with cries of joys, while the man looked on with no emotions. . . (Ramesh Dnyates essay, p-93) Rosie is a social girl. She loves the company of people and is destined to play a role in the open world whereas Marco seems to have forgotten the human world and fated to flourish his solitude. Significantly, their lifelong interests are different in nature. Rosies art involves the pulsating human body whereas Marcos research is confined to stone walls and stone figure. He is a die-hard archeologist, who lives and breaths lifeless ancient sculptures while neglecting the living embodiment of the art of dance, his wife Rosie. This is what Raju says about him: All that he could do was to copy ancient things and write about them. His mind was completely in it. All practical affairs of life seemed impossible to himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (C.P.Sharmas essay, p-109) He is an infertile man who lacks human qualities like love, warmth and compassion which is expected by his wife. His excessive indulgence in the mute things of the past kills Rosies interest in life and love of art. As the novelist puts it: dead and decaying things seemed to unloosen his tongue and fire his imagination, rather than things that lived and moved and swung their limbsanything that interested her seemed to irritate him (Shalini Guptas essay, p-201) Rosie too has intellectual pursuit like Marco. She tells him that she has many ideas like him. Her interests are no less serious than him. She starts her dancing practice at five in the morning and continues for full three hours. In the afternoon, she spends her one or two hours by studying Natya Shastra of Bharat Muni in order to keep the purity of classical forms. She looks for the ideas in Ramayana and The Mahabharata. But Marco finds nothing intellectual in her, which shows Marcos approach to Rosies aspiration is unimaginative and deliberately callous. He believes only in marital satisfaction and cannot give spiritual fulfillment. This approach of Marco is incompatible with Rosie. Rosie says to Rajus mother in The Guide: I would have preferred any kind of mother-in-law, if it had meant one real, live husband (Shalini Guptas essay, page 201). Then she goes to Raju for fulfilling her desires. The meeting with Raju marks turning point in her life. Raju brings with a promise of fragrant musical breezes and a shower of colors of spring for Rosie. He becomes greatly possessive about Rosie and never thinks that she is married to a person whom he has now grown to hate for being associated with her. For the sake of Rosie, he separates himself from his mother and discards the whole set of peoples or the whole society. By sacrificing all the things, Raju gives himself up for Rosie to fill the loveless and cheerless void in her life. Overwhelmed with love and gratefulness, she has confessed: Even if I have seen rebirth, I wont be able to repay my debt to you (Satyanarayans essay, page 68). Raju becomes her friend, philosopher and her guide. She realizes that he is inviting her to go to the land of her dreams, her spirit begins to soar, and her individuality begins to bosom for a delightful expression. She also realizes that he is capable of fulfilling her creative and physical cravings, and she starts revolting herself by dance. Her passion for dance was upbringing by birth. But in devdasi clan she was like a caged bird and her instinct for freedom, spontaneity and self expression was suppressed. It is her plight in which Raju beckoned her light released her from her dark tunnel and her heart joy and fulfillment cultivated through this art form. He symbolizes in that context a warm flow of life and certain recklessness that minister to vital human needs. Rosie is defined by dancing and her talent as an accomplished dancer achieved wide recognition through Rajus managerial skill. Rosie becomes a star attraction and Raju is known as the master of this establishment. She secures her rising fame through her dance. Dance may seem to be a secondary concern in the novel but it functions mainly as a medium for developing Rosies character. Thus, through the Bharat Natyam, she becomes famous as a world class dancer. But Raju uses her obsession for dance, for personal gain. As a manager, he takes too many appointments without caring Rosies physical health, in order to gain more money and self esteem. He begins to squander his new found fortune in drinking parties and gambling sessions but making a continuous pace in fixing Rosies dance performances at various places and accepting advances for earning too much money. Rosies delight in the company of fellow-artists is resented by Raju, who cannot understand the freedom, mobility and exposure that a devdasi woman pursues. He is not an ideal mate for Rosie and cannot comprehend the unease within her. So, the relationship becomes doomed because it is not based on true love and understanding. When Rosies jewelry box is to be returned to her by Marco, Raju denies the importance of the event and attempt to forge Rosies signature and keeps the jewelry box away from her which shows Raju condemns their relationship to failure. Eventually when Raju is jailed, she becomes stunned and expresses her reactions to Rajus forgery as an atypical karma conscious woman, she says: If I have to pawn my last possession Ill do it to save You from jail. But once it is over, leave me once for all (Ramesh Dnyates essay, p-94) In the final analysis, after abandon by Marco and betrayed by Raju, Rosie stands steadfast and dignified and does her dharma as a Hindu Wife. As the man who gave her the new lease for life, Rosie tried to save Raju by paying to a costly lawyer. She shows a sense of great fullness to Marco who takes her out of darkness by taking his book with her when she leaves Malgudi.Curiously, she too like Savitri (The Dark Room) who is taken from The Hindu Mythology, is regarded as a victim of mans world. In the male dominated world, Marco and Raju both played the game of betrayal to her but with her aspiring spirit; she has managed to find her own way with a sense of pride and dignity. Her personality leaves a sense of stronger imprint on Raju. Her vision of happy living has within it not only her passion for creativity in the dance but also a loving husband and a small home as its essential component. She says to raju: Im tired of all this circus existence. It was your own choice. (S.Satyanarains essay, p-71) She leaves the Malgudi for settling her life and no more plays any role: She had settled down at Madras and was looking after herself quite well. (S.Satyanarains essay, p-70) Thus, Rosie wins our admiration and respect by making her own way of living.Rosie, as a rebel, reflects the complex blending of tradition and modernity. To conclude, it can be said that, through the character Rosie, narayans humanistic concern is revealed which deals with the overgrowing awareness of the need to expand the area of womans freedom. His fictional world is circumscribed by a traditional Hindu society in which men rather women hold a superior place. Women are generally confined to the daily drudgery and all sorts of prohibitions are imposed on them but the milieu has changed from a strictly orthodox to the progressive and liberated value systems in modern civilization and women too have gradually begun to assert themselves in the society. The woman characters that move in quest of some relief from the suffocation and suppression of their established routine face a clash with the society and in the end they achieve much for themselves. Rosie is a typical example of this type of a situation of a woman in Indian society. Work Cited 1. Bhatnagar,The Gendered Construction of Rosie as the Other in the Guide: A Comparison of the Textual and Cinematic Tradition, Readings in Indian English Literature: Notion, Culture and Identity. 2. Chandrasekharan, Nair Anup,R.K.Narayans The Guide from the verbal to the visual: An Analysis in comparison, Perspective on Indian English Fiction, Editor, Jaydip Singh K.Dodiya. 3. Dnyate, Ramesh,The Concept and Nature of Rebellion, Rosies Rebellion, The Novels of R.K.Narayan, A Typological Study of Characters. 4. Gupta, Salini,Assertion and After: A Study of the Woman Protagonist in R.K.Narayans The Guide, Humanism in Indian English Fiction edited by T.S Anand. 5. Jannet P.Gemmill,Modernity Contemporary Indian Literature, in Literature East and West, 14 No. 2 (1970), 287. 6. Narayan, R.K, The Guide (1958, rpt Mysore: Indian Thought publication, 1978), 127. 7. Narayan, R.K, My Days: A Memoir (1974; rpt Mysore: Indian thought Publication, 1975), 119. 8. Singh, S.Satyanarain,The Guide: Crisis and Resolution, Indian Fiction in English edited by P.Mallikarjuna Rao, M.Rajeshwar. 9. Sharma, C.P,The masterpieces of Maturity (p, 104-110), The Novels of R.K.Narayan: A Perspective. 10. Thieme, John,Middle-period novels: The Guide to The Painters of Signs, R.K.Narayan, Contemporary World Writers. 11. Lucas, George,Empowerment of Women through the Character of Rosie in R.K. Narayans The Guide'

Michael Vick Case

On April 25, 2007, agents raided the Surry County, Virginia home owned by Michael Vick, NFL’s Atlanta Falcons quarterback. The authorities reportedly discovered 66 dogs, 55 of them being pit bulls, blood stained carpet, a dog fighting pit, and equipment which is commonly used in dog fighting rings such as dog treadmills and scales, a pry bar used to open a dog's mouth and an instrument used for breeding. At the time of the raid, Vick was not present at his home but denied having knowledge of dog fighting taking place on his property.On July 17, 2007, a federal jury indicted Vick as well as three other men, Purnell Peace, Quanis Phillips, and Tony Taylor on charges of competitive dog fighting, procuring and training pits to fight, operating an unlawful interstate dog fighting business by the name of Bad Newz Kennels. The four codefendants each face $350,000 in fines and six years in prison if convicted of the federal charges. According to reports, Michael Vick had been staging dog fights since his rookie year with the Falcons in 2001.The dogs found on the property were treated in a horrific manner. Losing dogs were either killed in the arena during the fight or at times they were later hung, electrocuted, shot or drowned. As part of their training to get them ready for fights the dogs were sometimes starved to make them hungry for the fight. On August 24, 2007 Vick entered a plea deal where he pled guilty to â€Å"conspiracy in a dog fighting ring and agreeing that the enterprise included killing pit bulls and gambling. He denied making side bets on the fights, but admitted to bankrolling them. (ESPN) He also admitted to sharing the proceeds from the dog fights with his Peace, Phillips, and Taylor but states that he never placed any bets or collected prize money for the fights. Vick was the last of his counterparts to enter into a plea deal with the prosecution. On December 10, 2007 Michael Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison and three yearsâ€℠¢ probation at U. S. District Court in Richmond by Judge E. Henry Hudson for running a dog fighting operation. He will serve a longer sentence than two of his codefendants because he lied about his involvement upon ntering his plea agreement when he was supposed to be admitting to his wrong doing and accepting responsibility for his actions. According to his codefendants, Vick was more involved in the dog fights than he admitted to being. On November 30, Peace and Phillips were sentenced by Judge Hudson to 18 and 21 months in federal prison. Their punishments also included three years of supervised probation following their release from prison. On December 14, 2007, Tony Taylor, who was the first of the four men to plead guilty, received a lesser sentence of 60 days in jail because he agreed to testify against Vick.Michael Vick was released from prison on July 20, 2009. After his release from prison, Michael Vick is to start his three year probation term. As part of his probation, V ick was equipped with an electronic monitor and had to perform $10-an-hour job as a laborer for a construction company. Michael Vick is currently still on probation but he is now able to play football again and no longer has to work the construction job. Works Cited http://sports. espn. go. com/nfl/news/story? id=2989824 http://articles. cnn. com/2007-07-17/us/vick_1_bad-newz-kennels-dogfighting-investigation-quanis-phillips? _s=PM:US

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 35

Letter #6-December 13, 2006 Dear Pat, I'm sorry your childhood hero committed suicide. I'm sorry McNabb was injured. And I am especially sad to hear that your father is still allowing the results of football games to govern the relationships he has with his immediate family. Your poor, poor mother. Your decision to reveal your therapist's views regarding Tiffany made for an awkward phone conversation. It is obvious that Tiffany cares for you enough to put together this exchange of letters. I hope you will protect her legally by refraining from discussing the arrangement further with your therapist or anyone else. You do realize that by showing Cliff my letters, you have put me in a precarious legal position. I am not allowed to make contact with you by law, remember? So this will be my last letter. Sorry. Regarding Holden Caulfield and the gold ring Phoebe reaches for at the end of the novel, please don't think of me as your golden ring. I am your ex-wife. I wish you well, but your therapist was right to say we are incompatible. I can see clearly we are not moving toward closure, which makes me regret opening up this dialogue. My only hope is that someday – after you have stabilized your mental health – you will take comfort in the fact that I reached out to you after all that happened. I wish you well in this world, Pat. Goodbye. Nikki

Symptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia - 2390 Words

Living life imagining people and objects that are non-existent, already seems like a difficult way of living. Patients often turn to antipsychotic medications for help with Schizophrenia. The antipsychotic medication can help the patient minimize their hallucinations. The medication can also help the patient depict between what is real and what is a hallucination made up in their mind. According to Awad, â€Å"The clinical picture includes a range of symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, agitation, suspiciousness, hostility, conceptual disorganization, blunted affect, emotional and social withdrawal, lack of spontaneity, poverty of speech and a wide range of neurocognitive deficits† (Awad 877). Needless to say, there are a lot of symptoms†¦show more content†¦People that have been newly diagnosed with this disorder are often scared and do not know what to do. The thought of all of these scary things the patients are going through like, imaging people, seeing non -existent objects and much more can often be terrifying. The majority of the patients are told about antipsychotic medications and all of the perks that come with them. However, a lot of the specialists fail to further explain all of the negative side effects that these very powerful drugs can have on the human body. Antipsychotic medications cause possible issues such as significant amounts of weight gain, life threatening conditions, and the complications of the other side effects leading to emotional issues (citation). Throughout this paper the hope is that newly diagnosed patients will be able to be educated on all aspects of these powerful drugs that they are being prescribed. Many people believe that problems such as weight gain and possible metabolic issues are problems that do not terminally affect a person. It is believed that weight gain can be easily managed by weight loss. However, all people know that is not always the case. There are many ways that weight is said to be managed while being on the medications. Management strategies according to the Harvard Mental Health Letter are, â€Å"Starting with or switching to a drug that may have lower risk, advise patient to eat fewer calories and exercise more, and consider adding a weight-loss drug† (3).

Impact Of The Nigerian Presidential Amnesty Program

In this paper, I estimate the impact of the Nigerian Presidential Amnesty Program (Amnesty), a local form of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR), on crude oil production in Nigeria. The President of Nigeria announced the program on June 25th, 2009 which aimed to put an end to the insurgency crisis experienced in the Niger Delta region, particularly between 2006 - 2009 which had led to an average loss of about 650,000 barrels of crude oil per day (cited in Asuni, 2009) and which had major implications for the government s revenue. Militants were given the opportunity for a state pardon by submitting their weapons in exchange for empowerment training and monthly stipends of N65,000 per month. I used a difference-in-difference approach and the results indicate an average increase of about 73% in crude oil production in the treated states. The production and export data for this work was retrieved from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) database, the regulating body for the Oil and Gas industry, beginning from Q1, 2005, to Q4, 2013. I also collected crude oil prices from the British Petroleum website. Although the Amnesty Program led to a significant increase in oil production, it does not necessarily suggest it is the best policy that could have been adopted due to its challenges. Introduction The Niger Delta region, the Nigeria crude oil base, had witnessed numerous protests at various times by its citizens over resource wealth and control.Show MoreRelatedThe Niger Delta Struggles: Its Implications for Resource Control.17990 Words   |  72 Pagesbetween local ethnic communities and agents of the Nigerian state and oil companies involved in the extraction and exploitation of oil in the area. What began as community agitation has undoubtedly undergone several transformations. The first involved the fl owering of civil society, which mobilized a popular civil struggle. The second saw the extension of the agitation from that against multinational oil companies (MNCs) to include the Nigerian state. The third transformation involved the elevationRead MoreNigeria And Its Impact On Nigeria1753 Words   |  8 Pages Nigeria was founded in 1963, after gaining independence from the United Kingdom, and adopted a federal presidential republic government. On its southern coast it borders the Atlantic Ocean through the Gulf of Guinea. Current President Muhammadu Buhari took power in 2015 but has been involved in Nigerian politics since the 1980s. His insights and experience really add power to his speeches when he comes out to address the issues his country is facing. The problem that Buhari has discussed oftenRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesParadigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle

Cross Cultural Communication Skills And Communication

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Oregon Fur Trade Essay Example For Students

Oregon Fur Trade Essay The Oregon Fur TradeIn 1808 Simon Fraser, employed by the Northwest Company, made his way across the Rockies and came down what is known now as the Fraser River to the Columbia. The next to come along was David Thompson, who was also employed by the Northwest Company. He too crossed the Rockies and made his way to the Pacific Ocean by way of the Columbia River. He reached the ocean in 1811 and found an American fur-trading company. This was the Pacific Fur Trading Company. It was the first permanent Euro-American settlement at Astoria. John Jacob Astor found the American Fur Company in 1808, The Pacific Fur Company in 1810 and the South West Company in 1811. He was the first millionaire in American history. Astor loaded a ship called the Tonquin with everything needed to sustain his fort on the Columbia. It sailed in September, 1810 under Captain Jonathan Thorn. The ship arrived in March, 1811. Astor also sent an overland party led by Wilson Price Hunt. The party departed from St. Louis in September, 1810. Although the fort at Astoria seemed to be doing quite well when Thompson arrived, it was actually quite fragile. Supplies came few and far between. The men were driven by starvation. This led them to establish the Willamette Post to relieve some of the pressures. When the war of 1812 broke out the partners in the field at Astoria were afraid of their post being seized. In 1813 they sold out to the NorthWest Company. In 1814 the Treaty of Ghent helped to end the war with Great Britain. The Americans thought that this meant that they still held claim to the Oregon country. In 1818 Captain James Biddle declared American possession of both shores of the estuary at the Columbia River. In 1821 the North West Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company merge. The new name was the Hudson’s Bay Company because it was the older of the two. The Hudson’s Bay Company’s only concern was profit. To make the investors happy and ensure return on their money, the directors in London named George Simpson to superintend field operations. Simpson named Dr. John McLoughlin to serve as Chief Factor. Simpson and McLoughlin started what they called the brigade system. The mission of the brigade system was to eradicate the fur-bearing animals of the region. By doing this, they planned to an area with no furs so that Americans would get discouraged and turn back. In 1820, Hall Jackson Kelley noticed t he success of the Hudson’s Bay Company. He began to promote the colonization of the region. He printed pamphlets that talked about the regions potentials, which would make Americans rich if they would settle in Oregon. Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth responded to this but when Kelley’s colony failed he started the Pacific Trading Company to help develop Oregon. Wyeth’s competitors were too strong. The American Fur Company had command on the fur trade in the Rockies and the Hudson’s Bay Company had command on the fur trade in the Pacific Northwest. In 1836 he gave up. By the 1840’s the fur trade was beginning to decline. The change in fashion was a big part of this decline. Men’s hats made of beaver pelts were no longer in style. Furs were no longer abundant or cheap. History Essays